cMate - BWM

Ballast Water Management

$2.99 · Designed for iPad. Not verified for macOS.

BWM - International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004 Invasive aquatic species present a major threat to the marine ecosystems, and shipping has been identified as a major pathway for introducing species to new environments. The problem increased as trade and traffic volume expanded over the last few decades, and in particular with the introduction of steel hulls, allowing vessels to use water instead of solid materials as ballast. The effects of the introduction of new species have in many areas of the world been devastating. Quantitative data show the rate of bio-invasions is continuing to increase at an alarming rate. As the volumes of seaborne trade continue overall to increase, the problem may not yet have reached its peak. Language: English

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    Seller
    • Maxim Lukyanenko
    Size
    • 6.1 MB
    Category
    • Books
    Compatibility
    Requires iOS 12.0 or later.
    • iPhone
      Requires iOS 12.0 or later.
    • iPad
      Requires iPadOS 12.0 or later.
    • iPod touch
      Requires iOS 12.0 or later.
    • Mac
      Requires macOS 11.0 or later and a Mac with Apple M1 chip or later.
    Languages
    • English
    Age Rating
    4+
    Copyright
    • © cmate