A much bigger Java. The on-device runtime now runs far more than the AP subset, and it is tested against the real JDK so your programs print exactly what Java prints. • Lambdas, method references, streams and Optional • List.of, Set.of and Map.of, live subList views, and addAll, removeAll and retainAll • Your own exception classes, new Object(), anonymous classes named the way javac names them, and getClass() with getName, getSimpleName and getSuperclass • Numbers and text behave like Java: int overflow wraps, float math stays float, compareTo returns Java’s values, and printf and regular expressions follow Java’s rules • Character methods understand Unicode letters and digits • Compile errors match javac: an ArrayList of int, multiplying a String, or an unhandled checked exception is caught before the program runs, with a hint on how to fix it • When a program crashes, the output it printed first stays in the console, followed by Java’s own error message • The What’s Supported page is up to date

• Java programs that read input now behave like a real JVM: hasNextInt() and friends wait for you to type, numbers too big for an int or long are rejected, and +5 is accepted. • Integer.parseInt, Double.parseDouble and the other parse methods follow Java's rules and error messages exactly, so "12abc" is an error instead of 12. • More char and Character methods work just like the JDK. • Click the line numbers to set breakpoints, and step the debugger back to the previous breakpoint. • Undo and redo in the editor always undo your own edits.

The Java runtime got a big upgrade — the editor now keeps up well past the AP exam. NEW: java.util collections • HashMap, LinkedHashMap, TreeMap, HashSet, LinkedHashSet, TreeSet • ArrayDeque, LinkedList, Stack, PriorityQueue • Collections, Comparator, Objects, and the Iterator interface • Your own equals() and hashCode() are honored by the hashed collections NEW: more of the language • Your own generic classes and generic methods, not just ArrayList • Inner and anonymous classes — an anonymous Comparator works anywhere one is expected • Bitwise and shift operators, with Java's shift-distance masking • Hex, binary, and underscore literals: 0xFF, 0b1010, 1_000_000 • throws clauses, varargs, multi-catch, switch on String, interface default methods • Enhanced-for over your own Iterable FIXED • Arrays.sort with a comparator silently ignored the comparator and sorted in the wrong order. It doesn't anymore. • Deep recursion crashed with "Internal interpreter error" instead of raising a real StackOverflowError you can catch. • On iPhone, the output console could be pushed off the bottom of the screen in the Playground — the editor and console now always fit the display. • Removed a Files button that mentioned logging in; this app has no accounts. • "What's Supported" has been rewritten to match what the runtime actually does.

Full-screen fixes for iPhone. • The toolbar no longer slides under the clock and Dynamic Island when you enter full screen in portrait • The toolbar buttons now fit on a single row, so more of the screen is your code • Full screen also respects the home indicator and the rounded corners in landscape

True 64-bit long arithmetic — long values now behave exactly like Java's, all the way to Long.MAX_VALUE. • New built-in classes: Long, Float, Short, and Byte • Updated Java language reference • Refreshed lessons and editor improvements