FOURTH SPECIES • Write both halves of every bar. The line opens with Fux's half rest and enters on the second half of bar 1. • A downbeat written at the pitch already sounding is tied over by itself, whichever note you write first or drag into place, and a tie whose notes no longer match is taken off. • Two or more downbeats in a row struck rather than tied are marked as a caution: the tie is broken. • Hints and Finish my line hold the note over into a suspension, as Fux does, rather than writing second species. FIFTH SPECIES • Buttons for the whole, half, quarter and eighth note, beside the music whenever a florid exercise is open. • A click a little short of the end of a held note writes after it, instead of cutting it short. • A note can no longer run over the barline. One already saved that does is marked. • New cautions: a half note starting on a weak beat, the same note struck twice in a row, and a cadence with no suspension. CLEARER EXPLANATIONS • A dissonance reached or left by a leap says which leap, and on which side. • A suspension that does not fall a step says it was held over and where it went, instead of calling it a leap. • A note held over with nothing after it yet is a suspension waiting to resolve: a caution to fall a step, not an error. • Second, third and florid species: perfect fifths or octaves on two downbeats in a row, with a leap of a fourth or more between them, are now a caution. Fux allows them, but most later teachers do not. The second species guide now says so too. • Two notes with a stretch of unwritten bars between them are no longer judged as a leap. ON THE PAGE • A natural is drawn when a note goes back to natural after a flat or sharp earlier in the bar, and playback follows it. PLAYBACK • Clarinet and horn join violin, viola and cello. • Bring out one line, so it sounds above the other, and turn either line off to hear the other alone. Both are in Settings under What plays, as well as in the menu. • Changes to the tempo, the sound, the instruments or what plays are heard at once, without starting again. • On iPad, the bar being played is highlighted again, in step with the sound. • Fixed a crash when playback restarted while playing. ON IPAD • Your exercises are in the Files app, under On My iPad > Gradus, so you can copy or share them. • The note value buttons are larger and easier to press, and so are the flat, natural and sharp. • If your saved exercises ever cannot be read, they are set aside rather than overwritten.