TunaWars 6.1 — The Late Roman Republic A FIFTH AGE: THE LATE ROMAN REPUBLIC • From Marius to Actium: the last century of the Roman Republic, around the Middle Sea. • Rome fights in cohorts of professional heavy foot. Its horse and light foot it borrows from its allies or buys from sellswords. • An army belongs to the general who leads it: while he lives, no one may stand him down or put another man over his men. A renowned general is hailed by his soldiers as Imperator. • Rule through client kings, allied cities and proconsuls a season's ride away, who may break away and found a Rome of their own. • Slaves work the estates and mines that pay for the legions. Keep too many of them unguarded, and they may rise in a servile war. • Around Rome stand the Hellenistic kingdoms, Mithridates' Pontus with its scythed chariots, Tigranes' Armenia of the mailed horse, Parthia, the Levant and its camel riders, and the Celts, Iberians and Numidians of the edges. • Historical wars: the Jugurthine War, the Mithridatic Wars, Sertorius in Hispania, Spartacus and the slaves of Italy, the Gallic Wars, Pharsalus, and A Middle East Campaign of 103 BC. BATTLES, TOLD • Open a battle and a staff officer walks you through it, phase by phase: the deployment, the approach, the clash round by round, the rout and the pursuit. The picture changes with each. • The field is drawn for the ground it was fought on, and each general stands at his standard. Tap it to open him. AND MORE • New painted signs across the chronicle, the battle odds, the Siege card, units and terrain. • The ledger has pages of their own for mercenaries and merchant houses.

TunaWars 6.0 — The Trader, and a world rebuilt WAR AND TRADE, REBUILT ON THE HISTORIANS • Battles follow a model fitted to real battles: two lines lose men slowly, and the killing comes when one breaks and is pursued. Ground decides how many men can fight. • A host that has held its ground defends better; a host caught unseen takes the first blow. Raw men break first, veterans last, and a general may fall in the fight. • Most armies waste away off the battlefield: from hunger, winter in the open, sickness in a long camp and storms at sea. • Every city prices each good by its own shelf. Townsfolk eat first, and hunger is the oldest risk. • Tin and bronze, wine poured out at festivals, and luxuries given between courts. • Merchant houses trade beside the courts in every world. • Every rule names its sources, and the reading is listed under Bibliography in About. PLAY AS A TRADER • A new role beside the Ruler and the Satrap: run a trading house of your own from a counting-house in a host city. • Send caravans and hulls to buy where a good is cheap and sell where it is dear. Pay the tolls, keep your goods from the sentinels, and live under your host's protection. • No land and no victory: grow rich, or be ruined. A NEW MAP • A new painted board is the default for new worlds. Zoom out for the campaign chart. A CLEANER COMMAND • Four desks from the dock: Court, Couriers, Ledger and Market. • New ledger pages for your armies, fleets and cities. • Trade at your depots or from a caravan on the road, with a card for every good. • Pheme: pick a good and see where it is sold, what your agents report, and what is rumored. • The Strategika is now five books: Foundations, Politics, Economy, Warfare and Diplomacy. AND MORE • A siege card that tells how a siege stands. • Orders show where they are, from given to carried out. • Coin shown in whole pieces and copper.

TunaWars 5.1 — The Satrap and the Dark Ages PLAY AS A SATRAP • A new seat beside the Ruler: govern a distant province for a realm you do not rule. Choose Governor on Quick Start, or Satrap on the Your Seat page. • The province is yours to run: its cities, its stores, its treasury and your own hosts. Recruit, build and march as a ruler would, inside your province. • Your patron takes a share of all it yields, and sends you its aims. Serve them, or withhold the share and spend its trust. • When a rider brings your recall, obey and hope for another post, or refuse and rise in revolt: the province becomes a realm of your own, and you its ruler. • Or defect, and govern the province in another crown's name. • If you die, your heir takes the office. There is no turn limit and no victory: the game is to endure. • Each people has its own word for the office: Satrap, Proconsul, Nomarch, Earl and more. THE DARK AGES • A fourth age: castles and men-at-arms, elves, dwarves, gnomes and orc hosts, in an age of steel and stone. No magic: the same war of couriers, supply and sieges. • Seven peoples of men stand beside the elder peoples. Choose a line-up — Kingdoms of Men, Elder Peoples or The Whole North — and set the share of men on the slider. • Old feuds: orcs and the elder peoples hate each other, and a people ruled from abroad is hard to hold. • New ground: marsh, tundra, glacier, badlands and jungle. • Every unit has its own painted figure, and the era has its own art, from the markets to the Court. • Your chronicle is written in an early medieval hand. AND MORE • Ask a neighbour to feed your army on its land, and revoke what you granted. • Operations on the Court: follow a campaign from its first order to its review. • Armies carry rations, and orders already on the road are shown. • A historical war shows its aim on every screen. • Your standing among the realms, told in words. • The tutorial teaches each kind of decision when it first comes up.

TunaWars 5.0 — Rule as Autokrator TWO WAYS TO RULE • Autokrator Mode: name what the realm is to achieve, and your adviser gives every order. One aim — take a city, hold one, explore new land, break a rival, or bring in more of a good — and up to two standing concerns: quiet the restless cities, strengthen the defenses, build the biggest navy. • Your adviser answers every aim, every turn: doing it; preparing, and what is still missing; or why it cannot be done. Carried Out lists each order given in your name, and why. • Set the limits of your will: keep a treasury reserve, or leave a realm alone. • Take the Field whenever you like. An army you order yourself is led by your own hand until you give it back. • Epistates Mode is the hands-on game you know, with your aims now steering the counsel. Switch between the two at any time from the Court. • The Court opens on a turn briefing: the few things that need a ruler this turn, each with Go To. • New games start in Autokrator Mode, and the Tutorial Island teaches it first. THE STRATEGIC MAP • The war as a ruler's campaign chart: ink on parchment, coasts and borders drawn as lines, mountains and forests as signs, every city named. • Three hands of ink say how far to trust what you see: firm for what is in sight, hollow and dated for what was reported, a question mark for rumour. • Armies stand as standards sized by their strength, convoys as carts and laden hulls, ravaged land as ash. Or put the painted figures on the chart. • Zoom far out on the board and it becomes the chart. New games open on it. A NEW LOOK • A New History: starting a world is now six pages asked in order, with Quick Start for a game in one tap. On iPad and Mac the pages sit side by side. • The Strategika, Court, Riders and Ledgers are picture tiles, and every menu opens on parchment. • Chronicles, Gazetteer and Bind the Book open straight from the map, and the bound book gains the Chronicles of the Kings. • Drag an army to order its march; its ghost waits on the hex it is bound for. • The army card reads the road ahead: what the march may meet, and an Operation panel that fills in the orders. • A new app icon. AND MORE • A merchant joins your Court and lays in the goods you name. • Send a spy into ground no one has seen. • On Mac and iPad the mini-map can be switched off from the View menu.

TunaWars 4.2 — The Archaic Era A THIRD AGE: FROM THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE TO THE RISE OF PERSIA • Sixteen peoples, from Assyria, Chaldea and Urartu to Lydia, Phoenicia, Egypt, Kush and the Greeks. • New troops: the Assyrian Guard, iron chariots, and the Immortals of the Medes and Persians, who charge home and shoot. • The great empires deport the peoples they conquer — and Assyria's conquests are the quickest to rebel. • The world does not stand still. Cimmerian raiders pour through the northern passes, burn what they take and ride on; the Scythians come off the steppe as a new nation; and late in the war Cyrus raises Persia in the east. • Colonists sail to found cities on far shores, and land beyond a realm's reach lies open, scattered with the ruins of older palaces. • A new historical war: The Assyrian Century, from Italy to Persis, c. 700 BC. ARMIES YOU CAN SEE • Every army stands on the map as a painted figure of its lead troops — spearmen, chariots, archers, galleys. • One, two or three figures show the size of the force at a glance. XENOI AND ADVISERS • Every xenos now has two brains: Apple Intelligence or your own model in front, and a trained general behind it who plays any turn the model cannot. • A xenos's card lists every war it has sat in and the realm it ruled; talk sheets keep your last hundred exchanges, with Read All. • Seat a second adviser beside your own and compare their counsel at the Court. AND MORE • A new turn opens on its Movement Replay, so you see what moved before you give orders. • Every line of counsel carries its own glyph. • The bound Annals draw their maps as World Charts, rumours and all.

TunaWars 4.1 — Apple Intelligence and the World Chart APPLE INTELLIGENCE PLAYS YOUR RIVALS • A xenos can now be played by Apple Intelligence. It reads the xenos's temperament and sends its orders through Apple's server model — no key, no account, no bill. • New xenoi use Apple Intelligence wherever it is available. You can switch any xenos to a trained general or your own model at any time. • Each turn uses one request from your Apple Intelligence quota. If a turn cannot be answered, the built-in AI plays it, and the xenos's page tells you why. • On iPhone and iPad, Apple has not yet opened its server model to Apple Accounts in the EU; there, xenoi play with a trained general until it does. On the Mac, it works everywhere. THE WORLD CHART • Draw the world as your court knows it: an engraved map of the lands your scouts have seen, the ones you remember from before, and the towns you have only heard of. • Show your armies on it or leave them off, then save it or share it.

TunaWars 4.0 — Xenia, and a New Look XENIA: RIVALS WHO REMEMBER In the old world, xenia bound a host and a stranger — even enemies on a battlefield. Now it binds you to your rivals. • Xenoi are rival rulers with a face, a name and a temperament. Seat them at the table when you found a world; they carry their win–draw–loss record from one war to the next. • Set how each makes war on six dials — from fortifying and holding to seeking battle and siege, from keeping every truce to breaking terms when it pays. • Give each a brain: one of ten trained generals, or a language model on your own key. No key is needed to play. • Each keeps a note on every rival it has faced — the cities you took, the demands you made, the truces you kept. • Talk to them. Ask about their war, a battle between you, or what they have to say before the next round — and hear the answer in their own words, written on your device with Apple Intelligence or by your own model. • Share a xenos as a file, or keep your xenoi in step between your own devices nearby. A NEW LOOK • A redrawn map, with new figures for every unit and army tokens you can read at a glance. • Engravings for every ledger, the Court and the Riders, drawn for each age. • Armies and convoys with a small map on every row; every good drawn on its own plate. • Cities as parchment cards, with a glyph for every building. • Your adviser has a face and a name, and brings the season's counsel to the Court. • The Chronicles keep the full map controls, and bind into a book. A DEEPER GAME • Hand your adviser the sword or the purse, and the routine of war or trade is carried out for you each turn. Anything that needs your seal still waits for you. • Hearsay: word of towns you have not seen — and now and then of one that is not there. • Markets with geography and seasons: every city prices each good by what grows nearby, how full its shelves are and the time of year. Buy and sell in copper. • What you buy rides home by convoy, and a convoy can be raided on the road. • A new rival school, the Merchant: it trades where others march, founds trading posts and guards the roads its goods travel. • Swear a joint war, demand tribute in instalments, or lay an embargo. • Late Bronze Age: trading posts in foreign cities, slave markets, the palace workshop, and chariots priced in gold. • New arms: slingers and the palace galley. • Battle fixes: a garrison holds its own city instead of marching out of the gate, and routed troops no longer land where they cannot stand.

Improvements in the Strategos Advisor and new era inspired ambient music and bug fixes.

TunaWars 3.0 — The Annals of Your Reign Your reign is now written down as you play — as a book, not a log. And there is a second age to write it in. THE ANNALS OF YOUR REIGN - The chronicler no longer writes a card per turn. It writes a bound, illustrated book you can read cover to cover and export. - It speaks in the voice of its age: measured Classical annals, or the older cadence of a Bronze Age lay recited from the tablets. - Maps, an order of battle for every engagement, a gazetteer of the cities you knew, and obituaries for the rulers who came and went. BATTLES YOU CAN READ - Every battle now draws itself: the line, the wings, the skirmish screen — and the phase-by-phase story of the approach, the clash, the rout and the pursuit. - The order of battle is recorded, and reads the same on the phone and in the book. A SECOND AGE: THE LATE BRONZE AGE - A second playable age, in the app: chariots, palace kingdoms, and the collapse that ended them. Its own peoples, units, maps and scenarios — including a Trojan War, where one fortified city is the whole war. - Chariots carry the shock that cavalry carries in the Classical game; bronze is dear, and the tin to make it comes by sea. - The age runs on a clock. The Sea Peoples arrive, the tin road breaks, provinces revolt in a chain, and the palaces fall. - World creation now begins with a choice of age. CITIES YOU BUILD, AND HOLD - Build temples, granaries, markets and harbours. A city with a granary starves later; what you raised before the siege decides how the siege goes. - Siegecraft rebuilt: field engines, a siege you can settle into and hold, and storming a wall that costs what storming should cost. - Cities carry their own morale through occupation and blockade, and you can see it. - Prisoners can be set to work. Decree how they are held, move a population you do not trust — and answer for it when the city remembers. THE GRASS AND THE WAGON - Nomad peoples play their own game: strike the camp and move it, graze or run, and refuse a battle you would rather not fight. - A camp can chain its wagons into a laager and fight from behind them. VOICES AND ENVOYS - Rulers and their courts speak in their own voices — advice, boasts and warnings in character. - A rival can send an envoy bearing a letter, or an ultimatum: meet the demand, or defy it and take the consequence. ALSO - Export a world to a file and import one back, so a world can be passed on as a document. - Naval manoeuvres follow the hull: only ramming ships run the diekplous and the periplous; a boarding fleet fights straight. Ships wear at sea. - A VoiceOver and accessibility pass across the map, the panels and the chronicle. - Many fixes to battle reports, tactics sheets and the map on iPhone.

TunaWars 2.7 — The Loyal and the Restless A conquered city has opinions. A distant province needs a man you cannot fully trust. And Rome has arrived. CITY POLITICS AND LOYALTY - Every city has a loyalty — devoted, content, restless or seething — and a citizenry leaning populist, balanced or elite. - How you take a city sets what you inherit: stormed cities start cowed and bitter, one taken by stratagem starts halfway loyal. - A captured city passes through Cowed, then Recovering, then settles — or does not. A restless city produces at 75%, a seething one at 50%. - A seething city defects to a sympathetic neighbour, or raises a rebel band on your own ground under its own banner. - Govern with Largesse, Festivals, a Purge of the council or a tax remission — each on a cooldown, none free. - A garrison at strength holds off the revolt — but a long occupation breeds the resentment it suppresses. - Declare your ruler For the Many or For the Few. Cities lean one way or the other; the declaration is reversible, at a price. - Foreign cities show only a loyalty band, dated by courier — or nothing until you scout them. - Politics can be switched off for a new world. The Aegean showcase seeds the Peloponnesian War: Athenai for the many, Sparta for the few, Kerkyra between. SATRAPS - Appoint a general as satrap over a distant province and he acts on his own initiative — recruiting, moving armies, answering raids — rather than waiting on orders that arrive too late. - A satrapy is not a region you draw: it is everything his seat can reach by courier before yours can. - His fealty drifts with distance, success and neglect. Recall a satrap grown comfortable and he may refuse — and take his province with him. - You see a candidate's renown before you appoint him. You never see his ambition. - AI rulers appoint satraps too, and the shipped opponents were trained in a world with them. ROME - Republican Rome joins as the thirteenth people. - The Maniple relieves its own line: it tires slowly and grows stronger the longer a battle runs. Rome loses the first round and wins the fourth. - Velites screen the legion. Rome fields no elephants or heavy horse, and builds no siege train: it must capture one. - Consuls are relieved on a fixed term. Rome never produces a legendary lifetime commander, and never charges impetuously. - The socii raise troops as Rome's own; Roman units recover at full rate at home. - Roman armies are numbered Legions under Legates; the fleet is the Classis. - Three new campaigns: the Second Punic War (218 BC), the Second Macedonian War (200 BC) and the Roman–Seleukid War (192 BC). SUPPLY BECOMES CONVOYS - Goods no longer move through an invisible ledger. Every shipment is a convoy on the map — routed, delayed, escorted, raided and seized. A captured convoy hauls for its new owner, and can be retaken. - Your treasury holds gold and nothing else. Grain and metal live in the depot network, so buying at the frontier drains it. - Territory the network cannot reach founds its own depot and feeds itself — and when the corridor reopens, sends home one fat, slow, tempting convoy. - Fleets eat. Escort and Raid Supply are new orders. A MAP MADE OF REAL GROUND - All four historical theatres rebuilt from real coastlines, elevation and rivers, with 131 cities at their true positions. - One uniform scale everywhere — a hex in Bactria is the same distance as a hex in Attica. - Corinth, Thermopylae, the Cilician Gates, the Hellespont and the Khyber are guaranteed chokepoints, not accidents of generation. ALSO - A siege train: a slow, costly engine park that makes a great wall assailable. - Armies out of command range can be merged and split, by courier. - New worlds start with larger armies; faster rendering on big maps. - Fixes: battle reports name both sides and lead with the order of battle; tactics and commander sheets scroll on iPhone; borders scale under pinch-zoom. - Enemy spies are now hidden from you, as yours are from them.

• New: one-tap Tutorial start for new players • New: Advisor — get a suggested plan and execute it order-by-order • New: choose AI difficulty when creating a world • Smarter AI — trades, hires mercenaries, negotiates, and expands • Supply routes drawn on the map; clearer turn summaries; morale now matters • Searchable Strategika handbook with deep links

TunaWars 2.5 — The Unseen War Spies, supply lines, generals who choose their tactics, and a map you can unmake. ESPIONAGE - Spies: lone agents posing as traders. They cross land and open sea, pass through armies and city gates without a fight, project no zone of control, and consume no supply. - A spy sees three hexes in every direction while abroad — and reports home by courier, so even fresh intelligence arrives old. - Take a city and its resident agent may come over to you. Leave a spy beside an enemy army and he risks capture, along with the secret of who sent him. - Spies can be carried by ship, put ashore on any empty coast, and recruited with gold. SUPPLY, FORAGE AND PLUNDER - Supply depots: hold several, move them with your wagons, and they re-found themselves when lost. Working a resource through a depot doubles what it yields. - Cut off? Live off the land. Foraging feeds an isolated army from the ground around it — and strips that ground bare. - New Pillage stance: ravage enemy fields instead of capturing them. You gain a wagon of plunder and stored harvest; they gain a grudge half again as deep as conquest. - Local provisions markets let a city with a depot sell food and materiel for gold on the spot. - Supply and the market are now one Logistics sheet, with fleets listed alongside armies. GENERALS AND TACTICS - Named generals command your armies and choose how to fight: the impetuous charge, the Makedonian refused wing, a flanking detachment, the steppe harassment that never closes, and — at sea — the diekplous and the periplous. - A skilled commander can decline battle outright and slip away. - Generals can be hired, can be killed in the field, and build reputations that precede them. - Full battle reports: order of battle, tactic timeline, a disposition map of how the lines stood, seized loot, and each army's history. A MAP THAT CHANGES - Found a city on virgin land with a strong enough army; it takes your ruler's name. - Raze a captured city for its stores, its depot and enslavement gold — and be hated for it three times over. - Ruins persist and can be rebuilt. Nomad camps resist the torch. CHRONICLES - A per-turn briefing on the neighbours pressing your borders, and a prologue introducing them at the start of a campaign. - Chronicles and the turn report are now a single light parchment page. ONE PLACE FOR EVERYTHING - Armies, fleets, cities and exploration are unified in one Forces & Cities browser, with enemy composition, foreign-city intelligence, generals and ruler titles on the cards. - Reroute armies already under orders, jump straight to a siege, and see why an army halted where it did. RIVALS WITH CHARACTER - AI opponents now come from a catalogue of trained archetypes, so no two rivals play alike — and each speaks in its own register. - The AI's own tactical orders and recruitment now suffer courier delay, exactly as yours do. BALANCE AND POLISH - Wall defence doubled, and a siege now demands a real siege corps rather than a lone raiding party. Cavalry is near-useless in a storm; stormed walls fall to nothing and regrow slowly. - Movement retuned: four ticks a turn for new worlds, making roads and rivers matter more. - Rankings rebalanced so a strong, well-supplied army is a genuine path to victory alongside conquest. - Couriers now cross open sea, and generals can reach armies overseas. - Faster map rendering, a rebuilt battle and combat pipeline, and a long list of fixes to movement, supply, sieges, saves and multiplayer determinism.

TunaWars 2.0 — Command at a Distance This is the largest change the game has had. Orders no longer teleport. COURIERS AND COMMAND • Marches, stance changes, recruits, and building decrees now travel by courier from your ruler's seat and take effect when they arrive. Roads double your reach. • The map shows what you last knew, not what is true. Armies report in only when they move; a host that has been silent too long is shown as presumed lost — and you can still send orders into the uncertainty. • Word of battles, sieges, and betrayals reaches you late, marked with how old it is. THE RULER'S SEAT • Your capital is now wherever your ruler stands. Moving the court is a journey at half courier speed, and your command radius travels with it. • Lose the city your ruler is in and the court flees — command is disrupted until it arrives somewhere safe. • Take a city with the enemy ruler inside and you capture the ruler, plunging their realm into a deeper interregnum. Their in-flight dispatches are seized and read. TEN CIVILIZATIONS • Makedonian, Italic, Punic, Mauryan, Iranian, Celtic, Scythian, and Nubian join the Hellenic and Tribal peoples. • Twenty unit types: pike phalangites, legionaries, war elephants, cataphracts, horse archers, longbowmen, quinqueremes and more — each rated per terrain. • Scythian cities are nomadic and can pick up and move. • Units now carry experience from Raw to Elite. Veterans hit harder; replacements dilute them. A FAIRER, SHARPER AI • The AI now plans on what it can actually see, estimates the strength of garrisons it has not scouted, and suffers the same courier delays you do. No hidden bonuses — it schemes instead of cheating. GOLD AND MERCENARIES • A gold economy, hireable mercenary companies with ongoing upkeep, and professional troops. DYNASTIES • Rulers age, die, are assassinated, or are toppled by catastrophe. Heirs bring fresh traits. Your own house is visible; rivals' remain hidden. TURN REPLAY AND CHRONICLES • Watch any turn replay itself, blow by blow, then read the chronicle written on your device. UNDER THE HOOD • Rebuilt save system: faster world list, explicit saves at every action, and a clear warning instead of silent failure if storage is unavailable. • Hundreds of rules fixes across movement, combat, supply, sieges, and multiplayer determinism.